Drug Index

GENERIC NAME :
amphetamine and dextroamphetamine

BRAND NAMES :
Adderall, Adderall XR, Dexedrine

STREET NAMES :
speed, uppers

BRIEF DESCRIPTION :
Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Adderall is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Adderall may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication synopsis. It is available in, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, and 30 mg tablets.

INDICATIONS FOR USE :
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children 3 to 5 years of age: The usual starting dose is 2.5 milligrams daily. Each week, the doctor will raise the daily dosage by 2.5 milligrams until the condition is under control. Children 6 years of age and older: The usual starting dose is 5 milligrams once or twice a day. Each week, the daily dosage may be increased by 5 milligrams. Only in rare cases will a child need more than 40 milligrams per day. Adult dosing is 5 to 40 mg twice daily. The doctor may interrupt therapy occasionally to see if the drug is still needed. Narcolepsy Adults: The usual total daily dose ranges from 5 to 60 milligrams, taken as 2 or more smaller doses.

ABUSE AND ADDICTIVE POTENTIAL :
This drug produces a surge of energy, euphoria, enhanced concentration, and can affect sexual drive. Tolerance can develop, requiring larger doses over time to produce the same effect. This can create strong cravings to use again. Amphetamine increases energy levels, concentration, and motivation, allowing students to study for an extended period of time. These drugs are often acquired through ADHD prescriptions to students and peers, rather than illicitly produced drugs. Common methods of use include oral and intravenous. Amphetamine is also abused by professional, collegiate and high school athletes for its strong stimulant effect. Energy levels are perceived to be dramatically increased and sustained to allow for more vigorous and longer play. This practice can be extremely dangerous, and athletes have died as a result. Withdrawal from use of amphetamines can include the following: anxiety, depression, agitation, fatigue, excessive sleeping, increased appetite, psychosis, suicidal thoughts. Tolerance is developed rapidly in amphetamine abuse, therefore increasing the amount of the drug that is needed to satisfy the addiction. Repeated amphetamine use can produce "reverse tolerance", or sensitization to some psychological effects. Many users will repeat the amphetamine cycle by taking more of the drug during the withdrawal. This leads to a very dangerous cycle and may involve the use of other drugs to get over the withdrawal process. Users will commonly stay up for 2 or 3 days avoiding the withdrawals then dose themselves with benzodiazepines or barbiturates to help them stay calm while they recuperate. Chronic users of amphetamines typically snort or resort to drug injection to experience the full effects of the drug in a faster and more intense way, with the added risks of infection, vein damage, and higher risk of overdose. Because of the abuse of amphetamines in the U.S., most brands were discontinued by the 1990s, including the highly abused brand names Biphetamine (known as "black beauties") and Preludin (known on the street as "slams") whose coating was peeled and then injected. Only a few brands of amphetamines are still produced in the United States: those prescribed for narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, treatment resistant depression, and extreme obesity.

OVERDOSAGE :
Overdose symptoms may include restlessness, tremor, muscle twitches, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, panic, aggressiveness, unexplained muscle pain or tenderness, muscle weakness, fever or flu symptoms, and dark colored urine. These symptoms may be followed by depression and tiredness. Other overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, uneven heartbeats, feeling light‚Äëheaded, fainting, seizure (convulsions), or coma. Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of Adderall can be fatal.

CAUTIONS :

Do not take Adderall if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), or selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam) within the past 14 days. Serious, life threatening side effects can occur if you take Adderall before the MAO inhibitor has cleared from your body. Do not use this medication if you are allergic to amphetamine and dextroamphetamine or if you have:

*heart disease or moderate to severe high blood pressure (hypertension);

*arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries);

*overactive thyroid;

*glaucoma;

*severe anxiety

tension

agitation;

*if you have a history of drug or alcohol addiction

Some stimulants have caused sudden death in children and adolescents with serious heart problems or congenital heart defects. Before using Adderall, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

*a congenital heart defect;

* high blood pressure;

*heart failure, heart rhythm disorder, or recent heart attack;

*a personal or family history of mental illness, psychotic disorder, bipolar illness, depression, or suicide attempt;

*epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

*tics (muscle twitches) or Tourette's syndrome

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Adderall. FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. It could also cause premature birth, low birth weight, or withdrawal symptoms in a newborn if the mother takes Adderall during pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Adderall can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use Adderall without telling your doctor if you are breast feeding a baby. Long term use of Adderall can slow a child's growth. Tell your doctor if the child using Adderall is not growing or gaining weight properly. How should I take Adderall? This medication can cause you to have unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Adderall. Store Adderall at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Adderall is a drug of abuse and may be habit forming. Keep track of how many pills have been used from each new bottle of this medicine. You should be aware if any person in the household is using this medicine improperly or without a prescription. Using Adderall improperly can cause death or serious side effects on the heart.



SIDE EFFECTS :

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using Adderall and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

*fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeats;

*feeling light headed, fainting;

*increased blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, trouble concentrating, chest pain, numbness, seizure);

*tremor, restlessness, hallucinations, unusual behavior, or motor tics (muscle twitches)

Less serious side effects may include: *headache or dizziness; *sleep problems (insomnia); *dry mouth or an unpleasant taste in your mouth; *diarrhea, constipation; *loss of appetite, weight loss; or *loss of interest in sex, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm.



FOR MORE INFORMATION :
*This is a condensed description of Adderall. For more details check with your physician, pharmacist, or resources such as The Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) or http://www.drugs.com.


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